WEBVTT

00:00:07.156 --> 00:00:10.098
Sexually transmitted infections

00:00:10.098 --> 00:00:14.000
is the blanket term for infections
caused by pathogens

00:00:14.000 --> 00:00:18.000
that are spread principally
via sexual contact.

00:00:18.000 --> 00:00:21.000
These include any form of sexual contact

00:00:21.000 --> 00:00:24.912
both vaginal, oral and anal intercourse

00:00:24.912 --> 00:00:28.774
and sexual activity
that does not involve intercourse.

00:00:28.774 --> 00:00:35.000
Sexually transmitted infections are also
referred to by the abbreviation STI.

00:00:35.000 --> 00:00:38.000
Sexually transmitted infections
may be caused

00:00:38.000 --> 00:00:42.000
by bacteria, viruses or parasites.

00:00:42.000 --> 00:00:46.000
Bacterial STIs include infections with:

00:00:46.000 --> 00:00:47.000
• chlamydia

00:00:47.000 --> 00:00:49.063
• gonococcus,
that causes gonorrhea (“the clap”)

00:00:49.063 --> 00:00:50.261
• mycoplasma

00:00:50.261 --> 00:00:53.539
• Treponema pallidum, which causes syphilis

00:00:53.539 --> 00:00:55.428
• and other bacteria

00:00:55.428 --> 00:00:58.716
These infections mostly cause inflammation

00:00:58.716 --> 00:01:00.587
of the urinary and genital organs.

00:01:00.587 --> 00:01:04.733
However, all pathogens can also have
severe long-term consequences.

00:01:04.733 --> 00:01:08.548
In most cases, however,
no symptoms develop.

00:01:08.548 --> 00:01:11.000
STIs caused by viruses include:

00:01:11.000 --> 00:01:13.893
• genital herpes, where blisters form,

00:01:13.893 --> 00:01:17.988
in the genital area for example,
but also at other sites

00:01:17.988 --> 00:01:23.431
• infection with
the human papillomavirus (HPV):

00:01:23.431 --> 00:01:27.313
this causes genital warts
and cancer in the uterus,

00:01:27.313 --> 00:01:30.063
the anal region or the throat

00:01:30.063 --> 00:01:31.993
• an HIV infection,

00:01:31.993 --> 00:01:36.204
which if left untreated can develop into
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

00:01:36.204 --> 00:01:40.480
• as well as hepatitis B and C,
chronic inflammation of the liver

00:01:40.480 --> 00:01:43.129
which can cause liver cancer
and other conditions.

00:01:43.129 --> 00:01:45.782
STIs caused by parasites include:

00:01:45.782 --> 00:01:47.259
• lice infestation

00:01:47.259 --> 00:01:48.259
• scabies

00:01:48.259 --> 00:01:51.392
• and infections with trichomonads;

00:01:51.392 --> 00:01:55.372
these cause similar symptoms
to bacterial STIs.

00:01:55.372 --> 00:01:59.000
Bacteria and viruses occur in bodily fluids

00:01:59.000 --> 00:02:03.000
such as sperm, vaginal discharge
and menstrual blood.

00:02:03.000 --> 00:02:05.399
They are transmitted during sexual activity

00:02:05.399 --> 00:02:10.071
via contact with mucous membranes
or minor wounds.

00:02:10.071 --> 00:02:13.434
However, many STIs are already transmitted
by close skin contact

00:02:13.434 --> 00:02:18.000
or touching infected genital organs
(smear infections).

00:02:18.000 --> 00:02:22.000
STIs frequently do not cause any pain
or other symptoms.

00:02:22.000 --> 00:02:25.462
So people are often unaware
they have been infected.

00:02:25.462 --> 00:02:28.376
However, there are some symptoms
that are indications

00:02:28.376 --> 00:02:30.868
of a sexually transmitted infection.

00:02:30.868 --> 00:02:32.000
These include, for example:

00:02:32.000 --> 00:02:35.868
• itching and purulent discharge
at the vagina or urethra

00:02:35.868 --> 00:02:38.095
• painful or painless ulcers

00:02:38.095 --> 00:02:43.188
on the genitals, in the anal region,
as well as the mouth and throat

00:02:43.188 --> 00:02:46.017
• swelling in the groin region
and testicles

00:02:46.017 --> 00:02:47.931
• lower stomach pain

00:02:47.931 --> 00:02:52.000
STIs can be diagnosed at an early stage
with laboratory tests.

00:02:52.000 --> 00:02:54.837
This allows them to be treated rapidly

00:02:54.837 --> 00:02:57.000
which improves the chances of recovery.

00:02:57.000 --> 00:03:01.000
People can protect themselves against some
sexually transmitted infections,

00:03:01.000 --> 00:03:04.110
such as hepatitis B,
by getting vaccinated.

00:03:04.110 --> 00:03:08.857
There is also a vaccine
for human papillomavirus (HPV),

00:03:08.857 --> 00:03:12.532
which prevents genital warts or cancer.

00:03:12.532 --> 00:03:18.000
Preventive measures like this help
to prevent severe symptoms and infertility.

00:03:18.000 --> 00:03:22.212
Many STIs including gonorrhea and syphilis,
as well as HIV infection,

00:03:22.212 --> 00:03:27.000
can be treated effectively with drugs.

00:03:27.000 --> 00:03:30.863
The best way to protect yourself and others

00:03:30.863 --> 00:03:33.681
is to use condoms
during sexual and anal intercourse.

00:03:33.681 --> 00:03:38.085
“Lick wipes”, or “dental dams”
also provide protection against STIs

00:03:38.085 --> 00:03:40.389
during oral intercourse.

00:03:40.389 --> 00:03:42.491
These are “fabric condoms”

00:03:42.491 --> 00:03:45.243
that can be placed
between the mouth and the genital area,

00:03:45.243 --> 00:03:48.000
or female condoms also known as femidoms.

00:03:48.000 --> 00:03:51.000
It’s important to remember that condoms
provide good protection against HIV

00:03:51.000 --> 00:03:53.737
but do not work as well
with bacterial STIs.

00:03:53.737 --> 00:03:58.871
Good protection against an HIV infection
is provided by taking HIV medication

00:03:58.871 --> 00:04:01.483
which is suitable for people
at a very high risk.

00:04:02.304 --> 00:04:04.154
In short:

00:04:04.154 --> 00:04:08.482
Sexually transmitted infections
are infectious diseases,

00:04:08.482 --> 00:04:12.000
that are spread via sexual contact.

00:04:12.000 --> 00:04:14.662
They are referred to
by the abbreviation STI.

00:04:14.662 --> 00:04:19.806
STIs may be caused by bacteria,
viruses or parasites.

00:04:19.806 --> 00:04:24.000
Bacterial STIs include, for example,
infections with chlamydia,

00:04:24.000 --> 00:04:26.000
gonorrhea and syphilis.

00:04:26.000 --> 00:04:29.985
Infection with the
human papillomavirus (HPV)

00:04:29.985 --> 00:04:33.000
which causes genital warts and cancer,

00:04:33.000 --> 00:04:37.000
an HIV infection,
as well as hepatitis B and C

00:04:37.000 --> 00:04:40.563
are some of the best known viral STIs.

00:04:40.563 --> 00:04:45.110
Lice infestation and scabies
are caused by parasites.

00:04:45.110 --> 00:04:49.446
People are often unaware
that they have an STI.

00:04:49.446 --> 00:04:52.704
But there are certain symptoms
that indicate STIs such as:

00:04:52.704 --> 00:04:57.501
discharge and itching,
ulcers at sexual points of contact,

00:04:57.501 --> 00:05:00.337
swelling in the groin and testicle region

00:05:00.337 --> 00:05:03.876
as well as pain
in the lower abdomen or throat.

00:05:03.876 --> 00:05:09.000
Specialized tests can also be used
to detect many STIs at an early stage

00:05:09.000 --> 00:05:12.376
and prevent severe or even fatal outcomes.

00:05:12.376 --> 00:05:15.899
People can be vaccinated
against certain STIs.

00:05:15.899 --> 00:05:19.876
There are also effective treatments
for many STIs.

00:05:19.876 --> 00:05:22.587
However precautions are the best way
for people

00:05:22.587 --> 00:05:25.212
to protect themselves and others.

00:05:25.212 --> 00:05:29.579
Condoms provide good protection
during sexual and anal intercourse.

00:05:29.579 --> 00:05:34.759
Lick wipes or dental dams can be used
to ensure safe oral intercourse.

00:05:34.759 --> 00:05:39.000
Drugs can also be used
to protect against HIV.