Female patient sitting on a gynecological examination chair at a medical practice talking to a gynecologist.

Reproductive organs

With both men and women, a differentiation is made between the external and internal reproductive organs. In the case of women, reproductive organ disorders can affect the uterus, ovaries or vagina, for example. In the case of men, most such disorders affect the prostate. For example, prostate cancer is the most common form of cancer in men.

Mann mittleren Alters sitzt nachdenklich auf einem Bett

Benign prostate enlargement

A benign enlarged prostate is usually harmless, but can be distressing. Whether and what kind of treatment is an option depends on the specific symptoms.

Prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer in men. Around 60,000 men get prostate cancer every year in Germany.

Breast cancer

In Germany, breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women, with around 70,000 women getting it every year. In many cases, breast cancer can be very effectively treated.

A woman speaks to her gynecologist in the treatment room.

lichen sclerosus

Lichen sclerosus involves the appearance of white patches of skin that often become scarred, usually in the genital area. Severe itching is typical.

Doctor holding a model of a uterus and ovaries explaining something and pointing a pen at the uterus.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a female hormone disorder in which there is an excess of male sexual hormones. PCOS can be treated successfully.

A hand holding a drawn syringe. A woman’s arm can be seen in the background.

Cervical cancer

In the past, cervical cancer was a common type of cancer in women. Pap smear screening has made it less common. The HPV vaccine can prevent cervical cancer.

Chlamydia

Chlamydia are bacteria that cause sexually transmitted diseases and frequently go unnoticed.

A woman lies in bed with a hot water bottle on her abdomen.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

Premenstrual syndrome refers to set of symptoms that women may have before their monthly menstrual period. Typical symptoms include mood swings, headaches and abdominal pain.

A woman lies in bed with her legs drawn up, holding a hot water bottle to her stomach.

Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a gynecological disease experienced by women. For some, it is barely noticeable; for others, it causes severe pain. Find out more about the symptoms and treatment.

Varicocele

Varicose veins in the scrotum, also known as varicoceles, are not rare and can affect a man’s fertility.

Ovarian cysts

Ovarian cysts are tissue or fluid-filled sacs in the ovaries. They are generally benign and go away naturally.

Woman sitting in a treatment room. A doctor is sitting opposite her looking at her laptop.

Vaginal yeast infection

Fungal infections of the vagina occur frequently in women of childbearing age. They often require only brief treatment with vaginal suppositories or creams.

Womb cancer (uterine or endometrial cancer): doctor holding a model of a uterus in both hands.

Endometrial (womb) cancer

Endometrial (or womb) cancer is the most common cancer of the female reproductive organs with approximately 11,000 women being diagnosed each year in Germany.

Period pain: woman lying on her back on a couch with her legs pulled up towards her chest holding her belly with both hands. Her lips are pressed together slightly.

Menstrual cramps

Menstrual cramps cause cramping and pain in the lower abdomen. Many girls and women are affected. Learn more about what causes menstrual cramps and treatment options.

Testicular cancer

Testicular cancer is a malignant (cancerous) tumor found in men that develops in the testicles. There are two common types – the seminoma and the non-seminoma.

Anatomical illustration of penis and testicles. The glans is colored orange-red.

Balanitis

If the glans (the head of the penis) becomes red and painful, this may be due to an inflammation. Inflammation of the glans is known as balanitis and is often caused by a yeast infection.

An adolescent boy sitting in a treatment room, looking depressed.

Tight foreskin (phimosis)

Almost all boys are born with a tight foreskin (phimosis). This protects the head of the penis (glans) against friction, drying out and germs. It usually goes away of its own accord.

Vulvar cancer

Vulvar cancer is a tumor of the external female reproductive organs. It primarily affects older women but the prevalence among younger women is increasing.

A young man sits on the bed, holding his head in his hands.

Premature ejaculation

If a man almost always reaches orgasm too soon, this is known as premature ejaculation, the medical term for which is ejaculatio praecox. Exercises, medication or sex therapy can help.

Die nackten Füße zweier liegender Menschen ragen unter einer Bettdecke hervor.

Pubic lice

Pubic lice are transmitted by physical proximity, particularly through sexual contact. Their bites cause bad itching in hirsute parts of the body. Here you can read what can be done about them.

Infertility

Being unable to have children due to a fertility problem can be very stressful and many couples seek medical assistance. Depending on the cause, there are various treatment options.

Ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer is often detected only at a late stage. The primary treatment is surgery, usually combined with chemotherapy. Targeted therapies are also possible.

A woman holds a packaged vaginal suppository in her hand.

Bacterial vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis often has no symptoms. It sometimes causes a grayish-white discharge with a fishy odor. If symptoms occur, they can be treated successfully.

A person in a white coat presents a model of the uterus.

Uterine polyps

Uterine polyps are growths in the endometrium (uterine lining) that are mainly benign. They are often indicated by spotting and breakthrough bleeding. Surgery is not always necessary.

A doctor points a pen at an anatomical model of the bladder and prostate.

Prostatitis and pelvic pain syndrome

Inflammation of the prostate can have a range of causes. In some cases, it is triggered by bacteria. Typical symptoms include pain and difficulties urinating.

Hydrocele

A hydrocele (testicular hydrocele) is an accumulation of fluid in the scrotum. In most cases, it causes no pain. It is advisable to consult a doctor in relation to the triggers and treatment.

Vaginal prolapse: woman sitting in a treatment room have a discussion with a doctor.

Vaginal prolapse and uterine prolapse

Women may experience weakening of the connective tissue in the pelvic floor for a variety of reasons. As a result, the uterus, urinary bladder, or rectum can sag.

Genital herpes

Genital herpes is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STI). It is triggered by herpes simplex viruses. The risk of becoming infected can be reduced through certain measures.

Severe menstrual bleeding

Some women have severe menstrual bleeding. It can be relieved with drugs and surgical interventions. But a treatment is not always necessary.

Prostate stones

Prostate stones are common in men from middle-age onwards, but they are usually harmless. If they cause pain or problems when urinating, they can be treated.

Syphilis

Syphilis is a globally prevalent contagious disease that infects people through sexual intercourse in particular. Learn more about symptoms, prevention, and treatment.

Gonorrhea

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection with the Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus) bacterium which is found worldwide. Find out more about symptoms, prevention, and therapy.